Type 2 diabetes was once called adult onset diabetes. However, it can strike anyone, and recently there has been a substantial increase of children diagnosed with the condition. Type 1 diabetes, which usually begins during childhood, normally requires insulin treatment, but Type 2 seldom does. Type 2 can usually be controlled with proper eating and activity, although sometimes oral medications are also needed.

Diabetes currently has no cure. When the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin to maintain blood sugar levels, or when the body cannot utilize it properly, diabetes can occur. Insulin is needed for the body to take glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream and store it in cells. If the glucose remains in the bloodstream, it can cause damage to major organs. In addition, the body is unable to utilize the glucose as a source of energy.

While diabetes may be totally asymptomatic, some people experience symptoms but do not connect them to a potential diabetic condition. Some symptoms that may signal diabetes are unintentional weight loss, despite increased hunger, and excessive thirst. The need to urinate often, to the point that sleep is disturbed, may be present. With higher blood sugar levels, vision may be affected, and there may be a tingling or numbness in the feet or hands.

Uncontrolled diabetes can result in neuropathy, particularly in the feet, as well as renal damage. It also increases the chance of osteoporosis, heart disease and stroke. Recent studies suggest it may also be a risk factor in Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia.

Type 2 diabetes is most common in people who are overweight and lead a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, people with the condition, or those who at risk of developing it, should maintain a healthy weight. Exercise is also beneficial, as it lowers blood sugar levels.

A proper diet is the most critical factor under the patient's control Diabetics should try to eat at the same time. In addition, the same ratio between carbohydrates and proteins should be maintained, and the same amounts of food should be consumed at each meal.

A good diet for diabetics does not have to be an economic hardship. Many of the recommended foods carry a lower cost than most. Green leaf vegetables, such as spinach, are excellent, as are beans and oatmeal. Sweet potatoes, citrus, and tomatoes are also good choices for a diabetic diet. Since diabetes can worsen osteoporosis, dairy should be included, but only the non-fat varieties. And while sugar does not have to be avoided altogether, it should be reserved for a special treat. In addition, sweets should be planned for ahead of time through reducing the carbohydrates in the accompanying meal.

Managing diabetes requires communication between doctor and patient. Alterations to the diabetic's diet and exercise habits are usually required. But through a co-operative effort, the condition can be kept in check, and the risk of potentially life-threatening complications can be reduced.