1. What is Phobia?

Phobia is an emotional disorder. It is caused by an interaction between biological and environmental factors such as disturbances, emotional trauma and unpleasant situations that often become adapted to a person's memory. After many repetitions of the same situations, these unpleasant memories are converted to fear and consequently change the person to become phobic.
Phobia is constant, severe but unreasonable, irrational fear of one of an object, a place, a situation or an animal. Normally, most people are not frightened by these things. In reality they pose little or no actual danger but the resulted fear is out of proportion to the threat. However, we can develop phobias of virtually anything and here the body and mind react as if the danger is real .The contact or the simple thought of having a contact with these things send them into an anxiety or panic attack. These fears can interfere with an individual's life and lead to considerable anxiety and stress because the person feels physical sensations of fear, like a faster heartbeat and breathing, feelings of nausea, sweaty palms.
Phobia is consciously recognized by the person but he has no control.Anxiety and avoidance are difficult to control and may significantly impair person's functioning and even physical health.

2- What Are The Classes Of Phobia?

Phobias can be classified into three classes:

1. Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia is the fear that happens when you are put in a certain place where it seems difficult to escape or where help will be unavailable when need arise.
Examples: being on a bridge, on busy streets or crowded stores.
Acrophobia is the fear of height.
Claustrophobia is the fear of an enclosed place like an elevator
A construction worker with a fear of heights avoids taking jobs in high places
With school phobia a child usually refuses to go to school, or protests extravagantly.When ordered to school, he or she may become physically ill, or fake the symptoms of illness to avoid going.

2. Social phobia

Social phobia is that phobia where people are scared that any sort of embarrassment will happens to them in a public place.

Examples: fear of public speaking or eating in public,

3- Specific phobia

Specific phobia can be classified into four phobias categories which contain more than 350 types of specific phobias

• Situational phobia 

Flying phobia (pterygophobia) or death phobia

Travel phobia is likely to avoid traveling as much as is possible. If forced to travel by car, they are likely to prefer to be in control of the car, rather than be a passenger
Fear of driving or hodophobia

An executive with a strong fear of flying may turn down a promotion that would have involved a lot of travel.

• Fear of natural environment

fear of height (acrophobia)
fear of water (hydrophobia), fear of thunderstorms, fear of dark

An employee who works on the 15th floor of an office tower prefers taking the stairs each day due to an intense fear of elevators and other enclosed places

• Animal phobia

Fear of animals: spiders, snakes, dogs or mice,

• Blood-injection-injury phobia.

Any situation that links to blood such as fear of doctors, syringes and needles (aichmophobia, belonephobia),, wounds, injections, dentist.

A medical student may drop out of school due to an extreme fear of blood.
The fear of doctors or needles can lead people to avoid needed medical care such as medical examinations, blood work, vaccinations or medical procedures.